Accordingly, these individuals seek prostitutes for varied reasons. The research underscores the diversity of the men who pay for sex. “The more secure and orderly a man's life is, the more he believes in his own invulnerability,” Kleiber concludes. For example, the men who demanded sex without condoms tended to score higher on aggression, and married and well-to-do customers practiced unprotected sex more frequently than others did. The only correlations he found applied to risk taking and unprotected sex.
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In a survey published in 1994 psychologist Dieter Kleiber of the Free University of Berlin had some 600 johns fill out the Freiburg Personality Inventory and found no particular abnormalities. Nor are these men defined by obvious personality problems. “There are no social characteristics that basically distinguish johns from other men,” says Grenz, who published her interviews with a large number of johns in a 2005 book. They may be stockbrokers, truck drivers, teachers, priests or law-enforcement officials. Johns come from all socioeconomic classes, according to culture researcher Sabine Grenz of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden. So why pay good money for it, especially given the social and health risks of having sex with a prostitute? Are all johns so unappealing that they cannot get sex any other way?
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On the other hand, a man can usually get sex for free in the context of an ordinary intimate relationship. After all, people are generally willing to pay for activities they enjoy as much as they do sex. Of course, the simplest explanation for men buying sex is that they like it. A similar debate rages among experts about the morality of prostitution itself. Others paint a dimmer portrait of johns, believing they are typically driven by chauvinistic motives, such as a desire to dominate and control women.
Some believe the practice serves as a salve for common psychological afflictions, such as an unfulfilled appetite for sex, love or romance. Rather men's motives for buying sex are hotly contested among researchers. Whatever the numbers, the behavior is prevalent enough that psychologists cannot easily write it off as pathological. In Thailand, where prostitution is illegal but socially accepted, one study suggested that a whopping 95 percent of men have slept with a prostitute. Meanwhile other estimates for Germany put the proportion far lower, at about one fifth. (Prostitution is legal in both countries.)Īnd according to HYDRA, a Berlin-based organization that provides legal advice and other aid to prostitutes, up to three quarters of men in Germany, which also has legalized prostitution, have paid for sexual services. Månsson reported that 14 percent of Dutch men have bought sex as compared with nearly 40 percent of men in Spain. The proportion of patrons seems to vary considerably by country and by study. And a study published in 2000 of 998 street prostitutes and 83 call girls in Los Angeles led by sociologist Janet Lever of California State University, Los Angeles, suggests that 28 percent of men who patronize prostitutes and nearly half of those who employ call girls buy sex regularly, with the rest being occasional customers. Overall, an estimated 16 percent of men pay for sex in the U.S., according to a 2005 report by social work professor Sven-Axel Månsson of Malmö University in Sweden. Experts believe that about 10 percent of these arrests are of the sex patrons, almost all of whom are men. In the U.S., police officers detained about 75,000 people in 2008 for prostitution-related crimes, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The apprehensions of Arthur, Samuel, José and many others represent the huge demand among males for prostitutes. Samuel, 59, and José, 34 (whose names were also changed to protect their privacy), were on this online pillory for a month after their September 5 arrests. Arthur (not his real name) was far from the only person so branded on this Internet portal. After his arrest on September 5, 2008, a photograph of this 41-year-old appeared on the Web site of the Chicago Police Department.
Arthur is an alleged john, a man who patronizes prostitutes.
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